Learn which symptoms to discuss with a clinician and which require emergency attention.
Understanding back pain
Back pain is common and can have several causes. It may follow a strain or develop gradually, and the exact cause is not always obvious. Some people also notice pain, tingling or numbness spreading into a leg. Symptoms alone cannot establish a diagnosis.
When to arrange a consultation
Speak with a clinician if pain is interfering with daily life, is not improving, or keeps returning. Mention any history of injury, fever, unexplained weight loss, pain that is worse at night, or changes in strength or sensation.
Emergency warning signs
Seek emergency care immediately for back pain with new difficulty passing urine or loss of bladder or bowel control, numbness around the genitals or anus, or new weakness or numbness in both legs. Severe symptoms after a serious accident also need emergency assessment.
Discussing treatment
Your clinician may ask about symptoms and examine movement, sensation and strength. Treatment depends on the findings and may include advice about activity, rehabilitation, medication when suitable, or referral. Imaging and surgery are not needed for every person.